The concepts of power and control are separate but interlinked, especially in the context of NGOs. Explanation:
Power
Power can be defined as the ability to influence or shape outcomes, decisions, and behaviors. In the context of NGOs, power may emanate from sources including:
- Funding: An NGO that is well-funded can use that funding to leverage policy and action. For instance, international NGOs like the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation can lead global health initiatives by funding research and programs.
- Knowledge and Skills: NGOs with expertise or specialist knowledge in a particular field can use such knowledge to assert their power through informing valuable insights and changing public opinion. For example, Amnesty International derives its power from extensive human rights knowledge.
- Networks and Alliances: Much strength also emanates from able networks or alliances. NGOs like those which form coalitions with other organizations, governments, or influential individuals have pari-passu amplified voice. Greenpeace often unites with other environmentalist groups to amplify its advocacy efforts.
Control
Control, on the other hand, refers to the extent a person is capable of guiding or governing internal and external organizational activities. In NGOs, control mechanisms include:
- Governance Structures: Effective control is embodied in clear organizational governance structures, such as boards of directors or trustees who direct the activities within the organization. For example, Save the Children works with a Board that gives direction and ensures accountability.
- Policies and Procedures: NGOs implement policies and procedures to manage activities, including financial management, program implementation, and adherence to legal regulations. WWF has comprehensive policies detailing the control of conservation activities and financial practices.
- Monitoring and Evaluation: Through stringent monitoring and evaluation processes, control is effected to ensure that programs are on course and achieving desired outcomes. For example, Oxfam puts in place comprehensive monitoring systems to control the effectiveness of its poverty alleviation programs.
Examples
- Power without Control: An NGO may have a significant extent of power due to its prestige and funding but lack adequate internal mechanisms of control. For instance, an NGO with strongly positioned donors may wield power in education policy yet be weak in managing its own programs.
- Control without Power: Conversely, an NGO may have good internal controls and efficient management but lack the power to cause wider societal change due to limitations in resources or expertise. A small, local NGO might run its programs effectively but be at a disadvantage in affecting national policy.
Conclusion
In other words, power enables NGOs to influence and shape broader agendas, while control ensures that NGOs manage their internal operations efficiently and effectively. Both are crucial to an NGO’s success in achieving its mission. Hopefully, this helped clarify the difference between power and control in NGOs.
