a) Folk Culture of Odisha:
Odisha’s folk culture is rich and diverse, reflecting the state’s vibrant heritage and traditions.
It encompasses various forms of music, dance, art, rituals, and oral literature. Some prominent elements include the Pala, Daskathia, and Jatra performance traditions, which combine storytelling with music and dance. The Gotipua and Odissi dance forms are renowned for their grace and beauty, while tribal communities contribute unique art forms like Pattachitra painting and Dhokra metal crafts. Festivals like Rath Yatra, Durga Puja, and Raja Parba are celebrated with great fervor, showcasing Odisha’s cultural vibrancy.
b) Maila Anchal:
“Maila Anchal,” written by Phanishwar Nath Renu, is a classic of Hindi literature. Set in the post-independence era in rural Bihar, it depicts the struggles and aspirations of the marginalized peasantry in a remote village. The novel explores themes of poverty, exploitation, social injustice, and the yearning for change. Through vivid characterization and evocative storytelling, Renu portrays the complex social dynamics of the village, highlighting the resilience and spirit of its inhabitants amidst adversity.
c) The Dilemma:
“The Dilemma” typically refers to a situation where a person is faced with a difficult choice between two conflicting options, both of which may have undesirable consequences. This concept is prevalent in literature, psychology, and ethics, often serving as a narrative device to explore moral ambiguity, ethical decision-making, and the complexities of human nature. Characters grappling with dilemmas often undergo internal conflict, weighing the consequences of their actions and struggling to reconcile competing values or obligations.
d) Chemmeen:
“Chemmeen” is a Malayalam novel written by Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, which later inspired a critically acclaimed film adaptation. Set in a fishing village in Kerala, the novel revolves around the forbidden love between Karuthamma, a Hindu woman from the fishing community, and Pareekutty, a Muslim fish trader. Their illicit relationship defies social norms and triggers a chain of tragic events, exposing the tensions and prejudices within the conservative society. “Chemmeen” explores themes of love, caste, religion, and fate against the backdrop of the scenic Kerala coast, making it a timeless classic of Indian literature.
