Hey..! guys this article is about, Write short notes on the following: a) Back-formation b) Compounding.
First, we will see what is back-formation then move toward Compounding.
a) Back-formation:
it is the morphological process in which a new word is created by removing affixes (suffixes or prefixes) from an existing word.
Back-formation is done to form simpler words. Here new word is created by removing suffixes of prefixes and they assume that the new word is created from another complex word.
So back-formation is the important aspect of new word formation. This process has an important role in the evolution of language.
Example:
creation of a noun from a verb is an example of Back-formation. There are many examples like Edit, Likely, Televise, Art, etc.
- Edit is developed from Editing.
- Likely is developed from Likelihood.
- Televise is developed from Television
- Art is developed from Artists.
b) Compounding:
In combination, a new word is created by combining two or more words to form a new word with different meanings. a new word has meaning derived from its component word.
Here, a new word is formed by combining words without changing their original form. it reflects the meaning of its component words.
Compounding has 3 types:
- closed compounding: words are written together without space.
- hyphenated compounding: words are written by separating them with hyphen.
- open compounding: words are written together with space.
Example:
- Notebook: Note+book
- Ice cream: ice and cream
- Toothbrush: tooth and brush
- Sunflower: Sun and flower
So Compounding and Back-Formation are the main processes in new word formation and evolution of language.